List of South American countries by population

Brazil is the most populous country in South America, accounting for nearly 50% of the continent’s total population. It is the only South American country with a population exceeding 100 million, followed by Colombia, Argentina, Peru, and Venezuela. Together, the five most populous countries account for 85.60% of the South American population. As of 2026, eight countries have populations exceeding 10 million. Suriname is the least populous country in South America, while the Falkland Islands is the least populous territory. In total, four countries and dependent territories in South America have populations below one million.

Only one South American country ranks among the world’s 25 most populous countries: Brazil, which ranks seventh globally. Four countries on the continent are among the world’s 50 most populous countries.

Of the 14 countries and territories in South America, only Uruguay and the Falkland Islands are projected to experience population declines in 2026. Brazil is expected to contribute the most to the continent’s population increase, accounting for nearly 30% of the total. Its population is projected to grow by 721K, followed by Colombia, with an increase of 495K.

French Guiana is projected to have the highest population growth rate in South America in 2026, at 1.65%. Three countries and territories are expected to record growth rates above 1%. None ranks among the world’s 50 fastest-growing countries and territories, and only four feature in the top 100. Uruguay is projected to have the lowest population growth rate in South America, at −0.12%.

Since 1950, the populations of French Guiana, Ecuador, and Venezuela have each increased more than fivefold. In 1950, Argentina was the second-most populous country in South America, ahead of Colombia, which currently ranks second. Colombia is projected to retain the second position through 2100.

Suriname will remain the least populous country until 2100.

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Population (UN)

Estimated and Projected population (UN)